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Petar I Karađorđević
coinage:
1904-1920. |
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| Peter I (Serbian: Petar/Петар;
11 July [O.S. 29 June] 1844 – 16 August 1921) reigned as the last King of
Serbia (15 June 1903 – 01 December 1918) and as the first King of the Serbs,
Croats and Slovenes (01 December 1918 – 16 August 1921). Peter was born in
Belgrade, the fifth (born as third son) of Prince Alexander Karađorđević and
his consort Persida Nenadović's ten children. He was the grandson of
Karađorđe, the leader of the First Serbian Uprising (1804–1813) and the
founder of the Karađorđević dynasty. Peter was not born in the Royal Court,
which was undergoing renovations at the time, but at the home of merchant
Miša Anastasijević. His birth was not met with much celebration because he
was his parents' third son and his older brother Svetozar was the heir to
the throne. His parents' oldest son, Aleksa, had died three years prior to
Peter's birth, aged five, at which point Svetozar became heir. Peter did not
become heir until Svetozar's death in 1847 at the age of six. Besides
Belgrade, Peter spent much of his childhood in the town of Topola, from
where the Karađorđević dynasty originated. He received his elementary
education in Belgrade. |
Prince Alexander
Karađorđević, who was forced to abdicate. Peter lived with his family in
exile. He fought with the French Foreign Legion in the Franco-Prussian War.
He joined as volunteer under the alias Peter Mrkonjić in the Herzegovina
Uprising (1875–77) against the Ottoman Empire.
He married Princess Zorka of Montenegro, daughter of King Nicholas, in 1883.
She gave birth to his five children, including Prince Alexander. After the
death of his father in 1885, Peter became head of the Karađorđević dynasty.
After a military coup d'état and the murder of King Alexander I Obrenović in
1903, Peter became King of Serbia. As king, he advocated a constitutional
setup for the country and was famous for his libertarian politics. Peter was
crowned in St. Michael's Cathedral in Belgrade, on 21 September [O.S. 08
September] 1904.
King Peter was the supreme commander of the Serbian army in the Balkan wars.
Because of his age, on 24 June 1914, he proclaimed his son, Alexander, heir
to the throne, as regent. In the First World War he and his army retreated
across Albania. Since he was the king of Serbia during a period of great
Serbian military success, he was remembered by Serbian people as King Peter
the Liberator, and also known as Old King. |
| On 01 December 1918, King
Peter I was proclaimed King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. King Peter
stayed abroad until July 1919 and returned to Belgrade where he died in 1921
at the age of 77. He was solemnly buried in his endowment in Oplenac, the
Church of Saint George in the vicinity of Topola in Central Serbia, where
his grandfather Karageorge, the founder of the dynasty, launched a
large-scale insurrection against the Ottomans in 1804. |
| Three cities in interwar
Yugoslavia were named after King Peter I: Mrkonjić grad in
Bosnia-Herzegovina (former Varcar Vakuf), Petrovgrad in Vojvodina (Veliki
Bečkerek, now Zrenjanin) and Petrovac na Moru (former Kaštel Lastva) in
Montenegro. Dozens of monuments erected in his honor throughout Yugoslavia
were destroyed after the communist takeover in 1945. Only one monument, in
Zrenjanin (former Petrovgrad) was recently restored, as well as several
smaller monuments in Belgrade and the rest of Serbia. The other monuments in
honor to King Peter I were restored or erected in Republika Srpska, in
Bosnia-Herzegovina where his cult status as a national hero is as strong as
in Serbia. In Paris, an avenue off the Champs-Élysées is named after him,
Avenue Pierre Ier de Serbie. There is a modest monument dedicated to King
Petar I of Serbia in Orléans, France, when he fought as a volunteer in the
French army. A large monument to King Peter and his son Alexander I of
Yugoslavia was unveiled in 1936, at the Porte de la Muette in Paris. |
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King of Serbia
(15 June 1903 – 01 December 1918) |
| Currency:
Dinar = 100 para |
| In 1901 the Serbian Dinar was equal to the
French Franc or 19.3 cents in United States money. |
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1904 |
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Serbia KM#23 2 para.
Year: 1904.
Weight: 1.97 g [2.00
g].
Metal: Bronze.
Diameter: 20.00 mm. Edge:
Plain. Alignment:
Medal. Mint:
N.A.
Obverse: "КРАЉЕВИНА
СРБИЈА" (Kingdom of Serbia) written at the top section. Numeral "2" in the center
with "*ПАРА*" (para) written at
the bottom. Date "1904" written clockwise at the below
right side.
Reverse:
Crowned heraldic eagle in the center. Mintage:
12,500,000. Mintage Years:
One year type. |
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Serbia KM#26.1 2 Dinara.
Year: 1904.
Weight: 9.93 g [10.00
g].
Metal: 0.835 Silver.
Diameter: 26.50 mm. Edge:
Reeded. Alignment:
Medal. Mint:
Vienna, Austria.
Obverse:
Crown at the top. Numeral "2" in the center
with "ДИНАРА" (Dinara) written below. Date "1904" below the Value.
Value and Date within wreath of laurel and oak tied with ribbon
below. |
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Reverse: Petar I's portrait facing right in the center. "ПЕТАР
I. КРАЉ СРБИЈЕ" (Petar I, King of Serbia) written clockwise around
the portrait. "SCHWARTZ"
written below the neck. Mintage:
1,150,044 + N.A. Proofs.
Mintage Years:
1904, 1912, 1915 (medal alignment; with
privy mark), 1915 (KM#26.2 medal
alignment; without signature, with privy mark),
1915 (KM#26.3 coin alignment; with signature)
and 1915 (KM#26.3 coin alignment; with signature; with privy
mark).
Engraver: Stefan
Schwartz (both sides).
Note: Prof. Stephan Schwartz belong to
the Vienna School of Arts where he was Professor of Sculpture and
Modal Engraving. |
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1912 |
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Serbia KM#18 5 para.
Year: 1912.
Weight: 3.01 g [3.00
g].
Metal: Copper-Nickel.
Diameter: 17.00 mm. Edge:
Plain. Alignment:
Medal. Mint:
N.A.
Obverse:
Numeral "5" in the center. "КРАЉЕВИНА
СРБИЈА 1912" (The Kingdom of Serbia with Date) written at the
top section. "*ПАРА*" (para)
written at the bottom. |
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Reverse:
Crowned heraldic eagle in the center. Mintage:
N.A. Mintage Years:
1883, 1884H, 1904, 1912 and 1917G (1883 and
1884H are Coin alignment coins while others dates are Medal
alignment). |
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Serbia KM#19 10 para.
Year: 1912.
Weight: 3.98 g [4.00
g].
Metal: Copper-Nickel.
Diameter: 20.00 mm. Edge:
Plain. Alignment:
Medal. Mint:
N.A.
Obverse:
Numeral "10" in the center. "КРАЉЕВИНА
СРБИЈА 1912" (The Kingdom of Serbia with Date) written at the
top section. "*ПАРА*" (para)
written at the bottom. |
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Reverse:
Crowned heraldic eagle in the center. Mintage:
N.A. Mintage Years:
1883, 1884H, 1904, 1912 and 1917G (1883 and
1884H are Coin alignment coins while others dates are Medal
alignment). |
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Serbia KM#20 20 para.
Year: 1912.
Weight: 5.95 g [6.00
g].
Metal: Copper-Nickel.
Diameter: 22.00 mm. Edge:
Plain. Alignment:
Medal. Mint:
N.A.
Obverse:
Numeral "20" in the center. "КРАЉЕВИНА
СРБИЈА 1912" (The Kingdom of Serbia with Date) written at the
top section. "*ПАРА*" (para)
written at the bottom. |
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Reverse:
Crowned heraldic eagle in the center. Mintage:
N.A. Mintage Years:
1883, 1884H, 1904, 1912 and 1917G (1883 and
1884H are Coin alignment coins while others dates are Medal
alignment). |
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Serbia KM#25.1 1 Dinar.
Year: 1912.
Weight: 4.96 g [5.00
g].
Metal: 0.835 Silver.
Diameter: 22.50 mm. Edge:
Reeded. Alignment:
Medal. Mint:
Kremnitz (Kremnica), Slovakia.
Obverse:
Crown at the top. Numeral "1" in the center
with "ДИНАР" (Dinar) written below. Date "1912" below the Value.
Value and Date within wreath of laurel and oak tied with ribbon
below. |
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Reverse: Petar I's portrait facing right in the center. "ПЕТАР
I. КРАЉ СРБИЈЕ" (Petar I, King of Serbia) written clockwise around
the portrait. "SCHWARTZ"
written below the neck. Mintage:
8,000,000.
Mintage Years:
1904 (KM#25.1 medal alignment),
1912 (KM#25.1 medal alignment), 1915 (KM#25.1
medal alignment; with privy mark), 1915 (KM#25.2
medal alignment; without designer's name; with privy mark),
1915 (KM#25.3 coin alignment; with privy mark)
and 1915 (KM#25.4 coin alignment; without designer's name;
with privy mark).
Engraver: Stefan
Schwartz (both sides). |
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1915 |
| On July 28, 1914 the
Austrians declared War on Serbia, thus the beginning of the Great War of
1914-1918 (World War I). The Austrian Army occupied Belgrade, the capital of
Serbia, on December 02, 1914, but evacuated it December 15, after a
prolonged battle in which the Serbians were victorious. On October 09, 1915,
Belgrade again fell into the hands of Austria-Hungary Empire. |
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Serbia KM#24.3 50 para.
Year: 1915.
Weight: 2.49 g [2.50
g].
Metal: 0.835 Silver.
Diameter: 18.00 mm. Edge:
Reeded. Alignment:
Coin. Mint:
Paris.
Obverse:
Crown at the top. Numeral "2" in the center
with "ПАРА" (para) written below. Date "1915" below the Value.
Value and Date within wreath of laurel and oak tied with ribbon
below. |
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Reverse: Petar I's portrait facing right in the center. "ПЕТАР
I. КРАЉ СРБИЈЕ" (Petar I, King of Serbia) written clockwise around
the portrait. "SCHWARTZ"
written below the neck. Mint mark Cornucopia at bottom left side and
Torch at the bottom right side. Mintage:
N.A.
Mintage Years:
1904 (KM#24.1 medal alignment),
1912 (KM#24.1 medal alignment), 1915 (KM#24.1
medal alignment; with privy mark), 1915 (KM#24.2
medal alignment; without designer's name; with privy mark),
1915 (KM#24.4 coin alignment; without designer's name; with
privy mark) and 1915 (KM#24.3 coin
alignment).
Engraver (Torch):
Henri Auguste Patey.
Designer: Stefan
Schwartz (both sides).
Note: The Great World War I (1914-1918)
brought to a close the small silver coinage of most countries,
except Switzerland and a few other mostly Western Hemisphere
countries, as the price of silver increased above the denomination
value of the coinage.
- KM#24.1 (medal alignment; with
privy mark) were issued by Paris mint in 1915 with mintage:
7,901,068 and with frozen date (1915) in 1916 with Mintage:
4,236,860.
- KM#24.2 (medal alignment;
without designer's name; with privy mark) were issued by Paris
mint with frozen date (1915) in 1917 with Mintage: 1,862,072.
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Serbia KM#26.3 2 Dinara.
Year: 1915.
Weight: 9.98 g [10.00
g].
Metal: 0.835 Silver.
Diameter: 27.00 mm. Edge:
Reeded. Alignment:
Coin. Mint:
Paris.
Obverse:
Crown at the top. Numeral "2" in the center
with "ДИНАРА" (Dinara) written below. Date "1915" below the Value.
Value and Date within wreath of laurel and oak tied with ribbon
below. |
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Reverse: Petar I's portrait facing right in the center. "ПЕТАР
I. КРАЉ СРБИЈЕ" (Petar
I, King of Serbia) written clockwise around the portrait. "SCHWARTZ"
written below the neck. Mint mark Cornucopia at bottom left side and
Torch at the bottom right side. Mintage:
N.A.
Mintage Years:
1915 (KM#26.3 coin alignment; with
signature) and 1915 (KM#26.3 coin
alignment; with signature; with privy mark).
Engraver (Torch):
Henri Auguste Patey.
Designer: Stefan
Schwartz (both sides). |
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King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
(01 December 1918 – 16 August 1921) |
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The State of Slovenes,
Croats and Serbs (Serbo-Croatian: Država Slovenaca, Hrvata i Srba/Држава
Словенаца, Хрвата и Срба; Slovene: Država Slovencev, Hrvatov in Srbov) was a
short-lived entity formed at the end of World War I by Slovenes, Croats and
Serbs residing in what were the southernmost parts of the Austro-Hungarian
Empire. Although internationally unrecognized, this was the first
incarnation of a Yugoslav state and had been founded on the Pan-Slavic
ideology behind the initiative. A month after it was proclaimed, the State
joined the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes.
The Serbs identified in the name were those resident in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia-Slavonia, Syrmia and Dalmatia (including Boka Kotorska
and Montenegrin Littoral as far as Spič, near Bar, Montenegro), not those
residing in the Kingdom of Serbia (which included the territory of the
present-day Republic of Macedonia), nor those living in the Kingdom of
Montenegro or Vojvodina (including Banat, Bačka and Baranja).
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs did not obtain international
diplomatic recognition before it ceased to exist. In a note of 31 October
1918, the National Council informed the governments of the United Kingdom,
France, Italy and the United States that the State of Slovenes, Croats and
Serbs was constituted in the South-Slavic areas that had been part of
Austria-Hungary, and that the new state intended to form a common state with
Serbia and Montenegro. The same note was sent to the government of the
Kingdom of Serbia and the Yugoslav Committee in London. Serbia's prime
minister Nikola Pašić responded to the note on 8 November, recognizing the
National Council in Zagreb as "legal government of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes living in the territory of the Austria-Hungary", and notified the
governments of the United Kingdom, France, Italy and the United States
asking them to do the same.
On 23–24 November 1918, the National Council declared "unification of the
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs formed on the entire, contiguous
South-Slavic area of the former Austria-Hungary with the Kingdom of Serbia
and Montenegro into a unified State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs". 28
members of the council were appointed to implement that decision based on
National Council's adopted directions on implementation of the agreement of
organization of the unified state with the government of the Kingdom of
Serbia and representatives of political parties in Serbia and Montenegro.
The instructions were largely ignored by the delegation members who
negotiated with Regent Alexander instead.
Stjepan Radić's Peasant Party participated in the National Council, but
after it decided to merge with Serbia, they started to back off, calling the
move foolish, and disputing the decision based on the fact that the Croatian
Parliament never explicitly approved it. On 01 December 1918, Regent
Alexander proclaimed unification of "Serbia with lands of the independent
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs into a unified Kingdom of Serbs, Croats,
and Slovenes". As the National Council ceased to operate, it never formally
ratified the proclamation, nor did the Parliament of Serbia, which took note
of the declaration on 29 December 1918. The National Council's final
important task was to appoint representatives to the Temporary National
Representation in early 1919.
On 29 December 1918, Parliament of Serbia approves
act of unification, therefore on 24 August 1920, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats
and Slovenes was official created. On 03 October 1929 it was renamed and
simplified as Kingdom of Yugoslavia. |
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| Currency:
Dinar = 100 para |
| In 1920, the Serbian dinar was replaced at par
by the Yugoslav dinar, with the Yugoslav krone also circulating together. |
| The krone replaced the Austro-Hungarian krone at
par on November 12, 1918. It circulated alongside the Serbian dinar in
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia with an exchange rate of 1
dinar = 4 kronen. The exact date at which the krone ceased to circulate is
unclear, with one source indicating that the krone was still in circulation
at the end of 1922. |
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1920 |
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Yugoslavia KM#1 5 para.
Year: 1920.
Weight: 2.61 g [2.60
g].
Metal: Zinc.
Diameter: 18.80 mm. Edge:
Plain. Alignment:
Medal. Mint:
Vienna, Austria.
Obverse:
Double cornucopia, either side of caduceus at
the top. Numeral "5" in the center. "ПАРА" (para) written
clockwise at the left side. "PARA"
written clockwise at the right side. Date written at the bottom.
Reverse:
Crowned and mantled arms on shield in the center.
Mintage:
3,825,514.
Mintage Years:
One year type. |
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Engraver:
Joseph Prinz (Value and date side)
and Adolf Hofmann
(Coat and Arms side). |
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Yugoslavia KM#2 10 para.
Year: 1920.
Weight: 3.17 g [3.15
g].
Metal: Zinc.
Diameter: 20.85 mm. Edge:
Plain. Alignment:
Medal. Mint:
Vienna, Austria.
Obverse:
Double cornucopia, either side of caduceus at
the top. Numeral "10" in the center. "ПАРА" (para) written
clockwise at the left side. "PARA"
written clockwise at the right side. Date written at the bottom.
Reverse:
Crowned and mantled arms on shield in the center.
Mintage:
58,946,122.
Mintage Years:
One year type. Closed letter "П" type. |
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Engraver:
Joseph Prinz (Value and date side)
and Adolf Hofmann
(Coat and Arms side).
Note: Two varieties
exist: Closed letter "П" and opened letter "П" in "ПАРА". |
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Yugoslavia KM#3 25 para.
Year: 1920.
Weight: 5.65 g [5.70
g].
Metal: Copper-Nickel.
Diameter: 24.30 mm. Edge:
Plain. Alignment:
Medal. Mint:
Vienna, Austria.
Obverse:
Double cornucopia, either side of caduceus at
the top. Numeral "25" in the center. "ПАРА" (para) written
clockwise at the left side. "PARA"
written clockwise at the right side. Date written at the bottom.
Reverse:
Crowned and mantled arms on shield in the center.
Mintage:
48,173,138.
Mintage Years:
One year type. |
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Engraver:
Joseph Prinz (Value and date side)
and Adolf Hofmann
(Coat and Arms side). |
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Click on below links to view coinage used by Serbia:
- Ottoman
Empire 1389-1867
- Actual Ottoman rule: 1389-1717, 1739-1789,
1791-1804, 1813-1817. Governors at Niš 1719-1739.
- OBRENOVIĆ
-
Mihailo [Michael] Obrenović
III (2nd
time)............26
Sep 1860 - 10 Jun 1868
-
Milan
II [Milan Obrenović IV] (King
from 1882)........02
Jul 1868 - 06 Mar 1889
-
Aleksandar............................................06
Mar 1889 - 11 Jun 1903
- KARAGEORGEVIĆ
- Peter I (King
of Serbs, Croats, & Slovenes from 1918).15
Jun 1903 - 16 Aug 1921
-
Aleksandar (Kingdom
of Yugoslavia from 1929)..........16
Aug 1921 - 09 Oct 1934
-
Peter
II..............................................09 Oct 1934 - 29 Nov 1945
- Occupied Territory and Federal Republic
-
German
occupation.....................................13 Apr 1941 - 20 Oct 1944
-
Democratic Federative
Yugoslavia......................29 Nov 1943 - 29 Nov 1945
-
Federative People's
Republic of Yugoslavia............29 Nov 1945 - 07 Apr 1963
- Socialist Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia..............07 Apr 1963 - 27 Apr 1992
- Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia........................27 Apr 1992 - 04 Feb 2003
- Serbia and
Montenegro.................................04 Feb 2003 - 03 Jun 2006
- Republic of
Serbia....................................05 Jun 2006 - date
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Chiefa Coins | |
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