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Puerto Rico |
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| Puerto Rico is
known officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Estado Libre
Asociado de Puerto Rico, —literally, "Associated Free State of Puerto
Rico"), is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the
northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the
United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands. Puerto Rico
(Spanish for "rich port") comprises an archipelago that includes the main
island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller islands, the largest of which
are Vieques, Culebra and Mona. The main island of Puerto Rico is the
smallest by land area of the Greater Antilles. However, it ranks third in
population among that group of four islands, which also include Cuba,
Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), and Jamaica. Due to its location,
Puerto Rico enjoys a tropical climate and also experiences the Atlantic
hurricane season. Puerto Rico is the fourth largest island in the Caribbean.
Capital: San Juan.
Motto in Latin: Joannes Est Nomen Ejus
(John is his name). |
| Columbus
discovered Puerto Rico (Rich Port') and took possession for Spain on
November 19, 1493 - the only time Columbus set foot on the soil of what is
now a possession of the United States. The first settlement, Caparra, was
established by Ponce de Leon in 1508. The early years of the colony were not
promising. Considerable gold was found, but the supply was soon exhausted.
Efforts to enslave the Indians caused violent reprisals. Hurricanes
destroyed crops and homes. French, Dutch, and English freebooters burned the
towns. Puerto Rico remained a Spanish possession until 1898, when it was
ceded to the United States following the Spanish-American War. |
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16 Nov 1493 Culebra discovered and claimed for Spain (Isla Pasaje) by
Columbus.
19 Nov 1493 Puerto Rico main island discovered and claimed for Spain
by
Christopher Columbus, named Isla de San Juan Bautista.
19 Nov 1493 Vieques discovered and claimed for Spain by Columbus.
24 Sep 1494 Mona discovered and claimed for Spain by Columbus as Isla
de la Mona.
12 Aug 1508 Spanish colony; subordinated to Santo Domingo (to 1797).
1515 - 1516
Mona ownership of island under Fernando II de Aragón.
1516 - 1520
Mona ownership of island transferred to Francisco Jiménez
Cardenal Cisneros.
1520 Mona annexed to Puerto
Rico.
1520 - 1524
Mona ownership passes to Francisco de Barrionuevo.
1578 - 1843
Mona became abandoned.
.... - 1647
Vieques attempted French settlement.
1688 - Dec 1689
Vieques attempted English settlement under William Pellet
(Crab Island).
26 Aug 1717 - 10 Feb 1718 Vieques attempted British settlement under
Abraham Howell
(Crab Island).
c.1745 - 1751
Vieques attempted British settlement.
1811 Spanish administration
begins on Vieques (previously claimed
by Britain, Denmark and France).
19 Mar 1812 - 04 May 1814 Puerto Rico a diputación provincial of
Spain.
19 Mar 1820 - 01 Oct 1823 Puerto Rico a diputación provincial of
Spain.
14 Aug 1836 - 16 Jun 1837 Puerto Rico a diputación provincial of
Spain.
1854 Vieques annexed to
Puerto Rico, becoming an island
municipality.
24 Sep 1868 - Oct 1868 Lares rebellion (Republic
of Puerto Rico).
1874 - 1875
Attempt to impose formal Spanish administration in Culebra.
27 Oct 1880 Culebra annexed to Puerto Rico as a dependency.
09 Nov 1897 Autonomy granted.
25 Nov 1897 Autonomy with Supreme Authority and Sovereignty was
retained
by the Kingdom of Spain.
25 Jul 1898 Occupied by U.S.
10 Dec 1898 Ceded to U.S. by Spain; spelled Porto Rico until 17 May
1932.
01 Jan 1899 Spain cedes colonial authority to U.S. (de jure 11 Apr
1899);
subordinated to War Department until 1935; then Department
of the Interior to 1952.
1902 - 1917
Culebra became part of Vieques.
26 Jun 1903 - 01 Jul 1975 U.S. Navy annexes large parts of the
Culebra island as
Culebra Naval Reservation.
02 Mar 1917 U.S. territory.
1917 Culebra Created a separate island municipality.
22 Dec 1919 - 1945 Mona
administered by U.S. Forest Service.
10 Dec 1941 - 01 May 2003 Vieques 2/3 of island under the
jurisdiction of the U.S. Navy
as part of Roosevelt Roads Naval Station.
1937 - 1942
Mona civilian Conservation Corps projects.
1945 - 1955
Mona leased to U.S. Air Force.
25 Jul 1952 Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de
Puerto Rico).
23 Jul 1967 Referendum votes 60%-39% status quo over statehood.
14 Nov 1993 Referendum votes 48%-46% status quo over statehood.
13 Dec 1998 Referendum votes 50%-46% status quo over statehood.
06 Nov 2012 Referendum votes 61.15% for Statehood over Independence. |
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-
Spain......................................................1505 - 18 Oct 1898
- Governors
- Vicente Yáñez
Pinzón (did
not take office)...................1505
- Juan Ponce de
León (1st
time).........................1508
- Oct 1509
- Juan Cerón (1st
time as mayor)....................Oct
1509 - Mar 1510
- Juan Ponce de
León (2nd
time).....................Mar
1510 - 1511
- Juan Cerón (2nd
time).................................1511
- 1513
- Rodrigo
Moscoso (did
not take office).................1513
- 1514
- Cristóbal de
Mendoza..................................1514 - 1515
- Juan Ponce de
León (3rd
time).........................1515
- 1519
- Sánchez
Velázquez............................................1519
- Antonio de la
Gama (1st
time).........................1519
- 1521
- Pedro Moreno (1st
time)...............................1521
- 1523
- Alonso Manso,
arzobispo de San Juan...................1523 - 1524
- Pedro Moreno (2nd
time)...............................1524
- 1529
- Antonio de la
Gama (2nd
time).........................1529
- 1530
- Francisco
Manuel de Landó.............................1530 - Aug 1536
- Vasco de
Tiedra.......................................1536 - 1537
- Jerónimo de
Ortal............................................1537
- unknown Mayors 1537
- 1544.
- Jerónimo
Lebrón de Quinóñes..................................1544
- Iñigo López
Cervantes.................................1544 - 1546
- Diego de
Caraza (1st
time)............................1546
- 1550
- Luis de
Vallejo.......................................1550 - 1555
- Alonso Estévez...............................................1555
- Diego de
Caraza (2nd
time)............................1555
- 1561
- Antonio de la
Llama Vallejo...........................1561 - 1564
- Francisco
Bahamonde de Lugo...........................1564 - 1568
- Francisco de
Solís....................................1568 - 1574
- Francisco de
Obando y Mejía...........................1575 - 1579
- Juan Ponce de
León II (acting)...............................1579
- Jerónimo de
Agüero Campuzano.................................1580
- Juan de
Céspedes......................................1580 - 1581
- Juan López
Melgarejo..................................1581 - 1582
- Diego Menéndez
de Valdés..............................1582 - 1593
- Pedro Suárez
de Coronel (1st
time)....................1593
- 1597
- Antonio de
Mosquero...................................1597 - 1598
- Pedro Suárez
de Coronel (2nd
time)....................1598
- 1599
- Alonso de
Mercado.....................................1599 - 1602
- Sancho Ochóa y
Castro, conde de Salvatierra...........1602 - 1608
- Gabriel de
Rojas Párano...............................1608 - 1614
- Felipe de
Beaumont y Navarra..........................1614 - 1620
- Juan de
Vargas........................................1620 - 1625
- Juan de Haro y
Sanvitores.............................1625 - 1630
- Enrique
Enríquez de Sotomayor.........................1631 - 1635
- Iñigo de la
Mota Sarmiento............................1635 - 1641
- Agustín de
Silva y Figueroa..................................1641
- Juan de
Bolaños.......................................1642 - 1643
- Fernando de la
Riva Agüero y Setien...................1643 - 1648
- Diego de
Aguilera y Gamboa............................1649 - 1655
- José Novoa y
Moscoso Pérez y Buitron..................1655 - 1660
- Juan Pérez de
Guzmán y Chagoyen.......................1660 - 1664
- Jerónimo de
Velasco...................................1664 - 1670
- Gaspar de
Arteaga y Aunoavidao........................1670 - 1674
- Diego
Roblandillo............................................1674
- Baltasar de
Figueroa y Castilla..............................1674
- Alonso de
Campos y Espinosa...........................1675 - 1678
- Juan de Robles
Lorenzana..............................1678 - 1683
- Gaspar
Martínez de Andino.............................1683 - 1685
- Juan Francisco
Medina (1st
time)......................1585
- 1690
- Gaspar de
Arredondo y Valle (1st
time)................1690
- 1695
- Juan Francisco
Medina (2nd
time)......................1695
- 1697
- Tomas
Franco..........................................1697 - 1698
- Antonio de
Robles Silva...............................1698 - 1699
- Gaspar de
Arredondo y Valle (2nd
time).........17
Oct 1699 - Jun 1700
- Gabriel
Gutiérrez de Riva.........................Jun 1700 - 23 Jul 1703
- Diego Jiménez
de Villarán (acting).............24
Jul 1703 - 12 Oct 1703
- Gaspar de
Olivares (ordinary
mayor)............12 Oct 1703 - 25 Oct 1703
with...
- Andrés
Montañez (ordinary
mayor)...............12
Oct 1703 - 25 Oct 1703
- Francisco
Sánchez Calderón (acting)............25
Oct 1703 - 27 Jul 1705
- Pedro de
Arroyo Guerrero (acting)..............27
Jul 1705 - 26 Mar 1706
- Juan López de
Morla (acting)...................26
Mar 1706 - 24 Dec 1708
- Francisco
Danío Granados (1st
time)............24
Dec 1708 - 18 Jul 1711
- Juan de
Rivera.................................18 Jul 1711 - 12 Feb 1716
- José Francisco
Carreño (acting)................12
Feb 1716 - 30 Aug 1716
- Alberto
Bertodano..............................30 Aug 1716 - 07 Apr 1720
- Francisco
Danío Granados (2nd
time)............07
Apr 1720 - 1724
- Antonio de
Isasi.............................................1724
- José Antonio
de Mendizábal y Azcue.............22 Aug 1724 - 11 Oct 1731
- Matías de
Abadía...............................11 Oct 1731 - 28 Jun 1743
- Domingo Pérez
de Mandares (acting).............28
Jun 1743 - 29 Oct 1743
- Juan José
Colomo...............................29 Oct 1743 - 31 Dec 1750
- Agustín de
Pareja.................................Jan 1751 - 08 Jul 1751
- Esteban Bravo
de Rivero (1st
time - acting)....08
Jul 1751 - 1753
- Felipe Ramírez
de Estenos.............................1753 - 30 Aug 1757
- Esteban Bravo
de Rivero (2nd
time - acting)....30
Aug 1757 - 03 Jun 1759
- Mateo de Guazo
Calderón...........................Jun 1759 - 07 Mar 1760
- Esteban Bravo
de Rivero (3rd
time acting)......07
Mar 1760 - 29 Nov 1760
- Ambrosio de
Benavides Medina Liñán y Torres....29 Nov 1760 - 12 Mar 1766
- Marcos de
Vergara..............................12 Mar 1766 - 22 Oct 1768
- José Tentor (acting)...........................22
Oct 1768 - 29 Jul 1769
- Miguel de
Muesas...............................29 Jul 1769 - 02 Jun 1776
- José Dufresne..................................02
Jun 1776 - 09 Apr 1783
- Juan Andrés
Dabán y Busterino..................09 Apr 1783 - 27 May 1789
- Francisco
Torralbo (1st
time - acting).........27
May 1789 - 1789
- Miguel Antonio
de Ustáriz.............................1789 - 08 Jul 1792
- Francisco
Torralbo (2nd
time - acting).........08
Jul 1792 - 1794
- Enrique
Grimarest.....................................1794 - 21 Mar 1795
- Ramón de
Castro y Gutiérrez, marqués de Lorca..21 Mar 1795 - 12 Nov 1804
- Toribio de
Montes.................................Jan 1805 - Jun 1809
- Salvador
Meléndez y Ruíz..........................Jun 1809 - May 1820
- Alejandro
Ramírez (Intendent)..................12
Feb 1813 - 1814
- Juan Vasco y
Pascual..............................May 1820 - Aug 1820
- Gonzalo de
Arístegui y Herrera....................Aug 1820 - Feb 1822
- José de
Navarro (acting)..........................Feb
1822 - May 1822
- Francisco
González de Linares.....................May 1822 - Dec 1823
- Miguel Luciano
de la Torre y Pando................Dec 1823 - Jan 1837
- From 1836 unknown
as Miguel Luciano, conde de Torrepando.
- Francisco
Javier de Moreda y Prieto...............Jan 1837 - Dec 1837
- Miguel Lopéz
de Baños.............................Dec 1837 - Oct 1840
- Santiago
Méndez de Vigo...........................Oct 1840 - Apr 1844
- Rafael
Arístegui y Vélez, conde de Mirasol........Apr 1844 - Dec 1847
- Juan Prim de
Prats y González.....................Dec 1847 - Dec 1848
- Juan González.....................................Dec
1848 - Apr 1851
- Full name:
Juan González de la Pezuela y Ceballos, marqués de la Pezuela.
- Enrique de
España y Taberner......................Apr 1851 - May 1852
- Full name:
Enrique de
España y Taberner, marqués de España, barón de Ramefort.
- Fernando de
Norzagaray y Escudero.................May 1852 - Jan 1855
- Andrés García
Camba...............................Jan 1855 - Aug 1855
- José de Lemery
Ibrarrola Ney y Gonzáles...........Aug 1855 - Jan 1857
- Fernando
Cotoner y Chacón.........................Jan 1857 - Jul 1860
- Sabino Gamir
Maladeñ (acting).....................Jul 1860 - Aug 1861
- Rafael Echagüe
y Bermingham.......................Aug 1861 - Mar 1862
- Rafael
Izquierdo y Gutiérrez (acting).............Mar
1862 - Apr 1862
- Félix María de
Messina e Iglesias.................Apr 1862 - Nov 1865
- José María
Marchesi y Oleaga......................Nov 1865 - Dec 1867
- Julián Juan
Pavía y Lacy..........................Dec 1867 - Dec 1868
- Francisco
Ramírez Medina (president;
in rebellion)..24
Sep 1868 - Oct 1868
- José Laureano
Sanz y Posse (1st
time)..........30
Dec 1868 - 21 May 1870
- Gabriel
Baldrich i Palau..........................May 1870 - Sep 1871
- Ramón Gómez
Pulido................................Sep 1871 - Jul 1872
- Simón de la
Torre.................................Jul 1872 - Nov 1872
- Joaquín Enrile
Hernán.............................Nov 1872 - Feb 1873
- Juan Martínez
Plowes..............................Feb 1873 - Apr 1873
- Rafael Primo
de Rivera y Sobremonte...............Apr 1873 - Jan 1874
- José Laureano
Sanz y Posse (2nd
time)..........01
Feb 1874 - 15 Dec 1875
- Segundo de la
Portilla Gutiérrez (1st
time).......Dec
1875 - Oct 1877
- Manuel de la
Serna y Hernández Pinzón.............Oct 1877 - Apr 1878
- Full name:
Manuel de la
Serna y Hernández Pinzón, marqués de Irún.
- José Gamir
Maladeñ (acting).......................Apr
1878 - Jun 1878
- Eulogio
Despujol y Dussay, conde de Caspe.........Jun 1878 - Jul 1881
- Segundo de la
Portilla Gutiérrez (2nd
time).......Jul
1881 - Nov 1882
- Miguel de la
Vega Inclán y Palma..................Nov 1882 - Jul 1884
- Full name:
Miguel de la
Vega Inclán y Palma, marqués de la Vega Inclán.
- Carlos Suances
Campos (1st
time - acting).........Jul
1884 - Sep 1884
- Ramón Fajardo
y Izquierdo.........................Sep 1884 - 01 Nov 1884
- Carlos Suances
Campos (2nd
time - acting)......01
Nov 1884 - 23 Nov 1884
- Luis Dabán y
Ramírez de Arellanó...............23 Nov 1884 - 10 Jan 1887
- Juan Contreras
Martínez (1st
time).............10
Jan 1887 - 23 Mar 1887
- Romualdo
Palacios González.....................23 Mar 1887 - 11 Nov 1887
- Juan Contreras
Martínez (2nd
time - acting)....11
Nov 1887 - 1888
- Pedro Ruíz
Dana.......................................1888 - 1890
- José Pascual
Bonanza (acting)................................1890
- José Lasso y
Pérez....................................1890 - 1893
- Antonio Dabán
y Ramírez de Arrellanó..................1893 - 1895
- José Gamir............................................1895
- 1896
- Emilio March (acting)........................................1896
- Governors-general
- Sabas Marín y
González................................1896 - Jan 1898
- Ricardo de
Ortega y Diez (1st
time - acting)......Jan
1898 - 11 Jan 1898
- Andrés
González Muñoz........................................11 Jan 1898
- Ricardo de
Ortega y Diez (2nd
time - acting)...11
Jan 1898 - 03 Feb 1898
- Manuel Macías
Casado...........................03 Feb 1898 - 14 Oct 1898
- Ricardo de
Ortega y Diez (3rd
time - acting)...14
Oct 1898 - 18 Oct 1898
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Coinage under Spanish 1895-1896 |
| Currency:
Peso (5 Peseta) = 100 centavos. |
| In 1884, a
large number of coins were countermarked using Spanish and US coins at
Puerto Rico's seven customs houses to legitimatize them with a device very
similar to a fleur-de-lys. These coins were redeemed in 1894. |
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KM#20
5 centavos. Year:
1896. Weight:
1.20g [1.25g]. Metal:
0.900 Silver.
Diameter:
16.00 mm. Edge:
Reeded. Alignment:
Coin. Mint:
N/A. Obverse:
"ISLA DE PUERTO RICO" mostly on the top. "5
CENTAVOS" in the center. Date at the bottom with one star on
each side.
Reverse:
Crown emblem in the center with "PLUS" written on
the left banner and "ULTRA" on the right banner. Initials "P.G.", "B.M."
and ".V." at the bottom.
Mintage:
600,000.
Minted Years:
One year type.
Ruler:
Alfonso XIII. |
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The remaining 1895-1896
standard decimal coinage introduced were as follow:
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KM#21: 10 centavos 1896. 2.5000 g., 0.9000
Silver. Mintage: 700,000.
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KM#22: 20 centavos 1895. 5.0000 g., 0.9000
Silver. Mintage: 3,350,000.
-
KM#23: 40 centavos 1895. 10.0000 g., 0.9000
Silver. Mintage: 725,000.
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KM#24: 1 Peso 1895. 25.0000 g., 0.9000 Silver.
Mintage: 8,500,000.
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- United States
of America............................25 Jul 1898 - date
- Military Commandant
- Nelson Appleton
Miles..........................25 Jul 1898 - 21 Oct 1898
- Presidents of the
Cabinet
- Francisco Mariano Quiñones................11
Feb 1898 - 21 Jul 1898
- Luis Muñoz
Rivera.........................21 Jul 1898 - 06 Feb 1899
- He was
suspended from 09 Dec 1898.
- Governors
- John Ruller
Brooke.............................21 Oct 1898 - 09 Dec 1898
- Guy Vernor
Henry...............................09 Dec 1898 - 09 May 1899
- George Whitefield
Davis........................09 May 1899 - 01 May 1900
- Charles Herbert
Allen..........................01 May 1900 - 15 Sep 1901
- Charles H. Allen
became the first U.S. civil governor appointed by President William
McKinley.
- William Henry
Hunt.............................15 Sep 1901 - 04 Jul 1904
- Beekman
Winthrop...............................04 Jul 1904 - 18 Apr 1907
- Regis Henry
Prost..............................18 Apr 1907 - 06 Nov 1909
- George Radcliffe
Colton........................06 Nov 1909 - 15 Nov 1913
- Arthur Yager...................................15
Nov 1913 - May 1921
- José E. Benedicto (acting)...................................May
1921
- Emmet Montgomery Reily.........................15
May 1921 - Mar 1923
- Juan Bernardo Huyke (acting)......................Mar
1923 - 06 Apr 1923
- Horace Mann
Towner.............................06 Apr 1923 - 1929
- James Rumsey Beverly (1st
time - acting).......09 Sep
1929 - Jan 1932
- Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.
.......................09 Sep 1929 - Jan 1932
- James Rumsey Beverly (2nd
time - acting)..........Jan
1932 - Jul 1933
- Robert Hayes
Gore.................................Jul 1933 - Jan 1934
- Benjamin Jason Horton (acting)....................Jan
1934 - 05 Feb 1934
- Blanton C. Winship.............................05
Feb 1934 - 25 Jun 1939
- Mr. Winship was
formally removed from office May 12, 1939 by President Franklin D.
Roosevelt for alleged abuse of his authority in depriving the people
of Puerto Rico of their civil rights and especially due to his
actions in the Ponce Massacre on March 21, 1937.
- José E. Colón (acting).........................25
Jun 1939 - 11 Sep 1939
- William Daniel
Leahy...........................11 Sep 1939 - 28 Nov 1940
- José Miguel Gallardo (1st
time - acting).......28 Nov
1940 - 03 Feb 1941
- Guy Jacob Swope (acting).......................03
Feb 1941 - 24 Jul 1941
- José Miguel Gallardo (2nd
time - acting).......24 Jul
1941 - 19 Sep 1941
- Rexford Guy Tugwell............................19
Sep 1941 - 03 Sep 1946
- Jesús Toribio Piñero...........................03
Sep 1946 - 02 Jan 1949
- First and only
native Puerto Rican governor appointed under U.S colonial
administration.
- Governors under the
Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
- José Luis Alberto Muñoz Marín..................02
Jan 1949 - 02 Jan 1965
- Roberto Sánchez Vilella........................02
Jan 1965 - 02 Jan 1969
- Luis Alberto Ferré Aguayo......................02
Jan 1969 - 02 Jan 1973
- Rafael Hernández Colón (1st
time)..............02 Jan
1973 - 02 Jan 1977
- Carlos Antonio Romero
Barceló..................02 Jan 1977 - 02 Jan 1985
- Rafael Hernández Colón (2nd
time)..............02 Jan
1985 - 02 Jan 1993
- Pedro Juan Rosselló González...................02
Jan 1993 - 02 Jan 2001
- Sila María Calderón (female)...................02
Jan 2001 - 02 Jan 2005
- Aníbal Acevedo Vilá............................02
Jan 2005 - 02 Jan 2009
- Luis Guillermo Fortuño Burset..................02
Jan 2009 - 02 Jan 2013
- Alejandro Javier García
Padilla................02 Jan 2013 - 02 Jan 2017
- Ricardo Antonio "Ricky"
Rosselló Nevares.......02 Jan 2017 - 02 Aug 2019
- On 24 July 2019,
Governor Ricardo Rosselló says he will resign on 02 August. He
resigns on the mentioned date. Pedro Pierluisi, who was made
secretary of state in a recess appointment on 31 July 2019, but has
not yet been confirmed by the Senate, is sworn in as governor.
- Pedro Rafael Pierluisi Urrutia.................02
Aug 2019 - 07 Aug 2019
- Pierluisi, a member
of New Progressive and the national Democratic Party was appointed
the acting Secretary of State of Puerto Rico in July 2019, and
assumed the office of governor on 02 August 2019 upon the
resignation of Ricardo Rosselló. Pierluisi stated that if the Senate
of Puerto Rico didn't confirm or validate his position as former
Secretary of State, he would resign the governorship. However, he
subsequently walked back that statement. On 05 August 2019, the
Puerto Rico Senate filed a lawsuit against his appointment as
governor. Two days later, the Puerto Rico Supreme Court ruled that
Pierluisi was sworn in on unconstitutional grounds and removed him
from office, effective 5 p.m. AST on 07 August, to be replaced by
Wanda Vázquez Garced, the Secretary of Justice.
- Wanda Vázquez Garced (female)..................07
Aug 2019 - date
- Prior to her tenure
as governor, she served as secretary of justice from 2017 to 2019. A
member of the pro-statehood New Progressive Party, Vázquez Garced is
the second female governor in Puerto Rico history after Sila María
Calderón, who was governor from 2001 to 2005.
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| Currency:
At the moment US Dollar = 100 cents is used in Puerto Rico. |
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| Countries
/ Territories |
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Chiefa Coins | |
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