Somaliland
 

 
Somaliland (Somali: Soomaaliland, Arabic: صوماللاند‎ Ṣūmālilānd or أرض الصومال Ard as-Ṣumal) is an unrecognised self-declared de facto sovereign state that is internationally recognised as an autonomous region of Somalia. The government of Somaliland regards itself as the successor state to the British Somaliland protectorate, which was independent on June 26, 1960 as the State of Somaliland, before uniting with the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) on July 01, 1960 to form the Somali Republic. Somaliland is bordered by Ethiopia in the south and west, Djibouti in the northwest, the Gulf of Aden in the north, and the autonomous Puntland region of Somalia to the east.
In 1988, the Siad Barre regime committed massacres against the people of Somaliland, which were among the events that led to the Somali Civil War. The war left the economic and military infrastructure severely damaged. After the collapse of the central government in 1991, the local government, led by the Somali National Movement (SNM), declared independence from the rest of Somalia on May 18 of the same year. Since then, the territory has been governed by an administration that seeks self-determination as the Republic of Somaliland (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland, Arabic: جمهورية صوماللاند‎ Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālilānd). The local government maintains informal ties with some foreign governments, who have sent delegations to Hargeisa. Ethiopia also maintains a trade office in the region. However, Somaliland's self-proclaimed independence remains unrecognised by any country or international organisation.
Capital: Hargeisa (Berbera 1870-1941). Motto: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasūlu-llāhi "There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God".
Territorial Disputes: Internationally recognized as part of Somalia; territorial dispute with Puntland over eastern Sanaag and Sool provinces; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities to land-locked Ethiopia and establish commercial ties with regional states; "Puntland" secessionists clash with "Somaliland" secessionists to establish territorial limits and clan loyalties, each seeking support from neighboring states.
 
               1546         Ottoman occupation.
        1546 - 1548         Rule of the Adal Imams.
               1548         Zeila part of Ottoman Empire.
        1630 - 1830         Under the Grand Sharifs of Mecca.
        1830 - 07 Sep 1874  Ottoman rule, under de facto hereditary governors.
               07 Sep 1874  Annexed by Egypt (Egyptian Somaliland)
                             (both under Ottoman suzerainty).
                  Feb 1884  British take over former Egyptian Somaliland (British
                             Somaliland).
               20 Jul 1887  British Somaliland Protectorate subordinated to Aden until
                             1905.
 19 Aug 1940 - 16 Mar 1941  British Somaliland occupied by Italy.
                  Feb 1941  British administration of Italian Somalia.
               01 Apr 1950  Italian Somalia becomes United Nations trust territory.
               26 Jun 1960  Independence of British Somaliland as State of Somaliland.
               01 Jul 1960  Unification with Italian Somalia to form Somali Republic.
               31 Jan 1961  Act of Union of Somaliland and Somalia is passed and signed
                             into law (retroactive to 01 Jul 1960).
               21 Oct 1969  Somali Republic renamed as Somali Democratic Republic
               18 May 1991  Secession of former British Somaliland (regions of Awdal,
                             Woqooyi Galbeed, Togdheer, Sanaag and Sool) from Somalia
                             (not internationally recognized).
               24 May 1991  Republic of Somaliland proclaimed (not internationally
                             recognized).
               21 Jul 1991  Somali Democratic Republic renamed back to Somali Republic
               14 Oct 1996  Somaliland adopts a flag
               31 May 2001  Somaliland creates a constitution
 

 
 
  • Ottoman Governors
  • The Grand Sharifs of Makkah (see Saudi Arabia)..........1630 - 1830
  • Sayyid Muhammad al-Barr.................................1830 - 1841
  • Ali Haji Sirmaki ibn Salih (1st time)...................1841 - 1855
  • Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad (1st time)........................1855 - 1857
  • Ali Haji Sirmaki ibn Salih (2nd time)...................1857 - 1861
  • Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad (2nd time)........................1861 - 1874
  • Egyptian Governors
  • Rauf Pasha...........................................1870/74 - 1878
  • unknown person 1878 - 1880
  • Muhammad Nadi Pasha.................................Jan 1880 - Dec 1883
  • British Political Agent
  • Frederick Mercer Hunter.................................1884 - 20 Jul 1887
  • Residents
  • Frederick Mercer Hunter (continued)..............20 Jul 1887 - 1888
  • Edward Vincent Stace....................................1888 - 1893
  • Charles William Henry Sealy.............................1893 - 1896
  • William Butler Ferris...............................Mar 1896 - 1897
  • James Hayes Sadler..................................Jan 1897 - 1898
  • British Consuls-General
  • James Hayes Sadler (continued)..........................1898 - 1901
  • Harry Edward Spiller Cordeaux (acting)..................1901 - 1902
  • Eric John Eagles Swayne.................................1902 - 1905
  • British Commissioners
  • Harry Edward Spiller Cordeaux....................08 May 1906 - 1909
  • Sir William Henry Manning...........................Jan 1910 - 1911
  • Horace Archer Byatt.................................Jul 1911 - 1914
  • Geoffrey Francis Archer.............................May 1914 - Oct 1919
  • British Governors
  • Geoffrey Francis Archer (continued).................Oct 1919 - 17 Aug 1922
  • He is known from 05 Jun 1920 as Sir Geoffrey Francis Archer.
  • Gerald Henry Summers.............................17 Aug 1922 - 29 Nov 1925
  • Harold Baxter Kittermaster.......................26 Jan 1926 - 18 Jun 1932
  • He is known from 04 Jun 1928 as Sir Harold Baxter Kittermaster.
  • Sir Arthur Salisbury Lawrance....................18 Jun 1932 - 02 Mar 1939
  • Vincent Goncalves Glenday........................02 Mar 1939 - 18 Aug 1940
  • Italian Military Governors
  • Guglielmo Nasi....................................19 Aug 1940 - Oct 1940
  • Carlo De Simon.......................................Oct 1940 - 16 Mar 1941
  • British Military Governors
  • Arthur Reginald Chater............................29 Mar 1941 - 03 Mar 1943
  • Gerald Thomas Fisher..............................03 Mar 1943 - 03 Mar 1948
  • British Governors
  • Gerald Thomas Fisher (continued)..................03 Mar 1948 - 15 Nov 1948
  • Gerald Reece.............................................1948 - Feb 1954
  • He is known from 1950 as Sir Gerald Reece.
  • Theodore Ouseley Pike................................Feb 1954 - 1959
  • He is known from from 02 Jan 1956 as Sir Theodore Ouseley Pike.
  • Sir Douglas Hall..................................11 Jul 1959 - 26 Jun 1960
  • Prime minister (de facto head of state)
  • Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal........................26 Jun 1960 - 01 Jul 1960
  • Somaliland merged with Italian Somalia to form Somali Republic on 01st July 1960.
  • Republic of Somaliland Presidents
  • Abdurahman Ahmad Ali "Tuur".......................28 May 1991 - 16 May 1993
  • Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal........................16 May 1993 - 03 May 2002
  • Dahir Riyale Kahin................................03 May 2002 - 27 Jul 2010
  • Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud "Silanyo"..................27 Jul 2010 - 13 Dec 2017
  • Musa Bihi Abdi....................................13 Dec 2017 - date
 
 
Currency: Since 1994, Somaliland Shilling (SQS) are used.
East African Shilling (XEAS) were used from 1921-1960 and then Somali Shilling from 1960-1995.
 
1994
 

KM#01 1 Shilling. Year: 1994. Weight: 1.07g [1.07g]. Metal: Aluminum. Diameter: 21.00 mm. Edge: Reeded. Alignment: Medal. Mint: Pobjoy Mint. Obverse: "REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND" on the top. Bird facing left in the center. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "ONE SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.
 
2002
 

KM#04 5 Shillings. Year: 2002. Weight: 1.44g [1.45g]. Metal: Aluminum. Diameter: 22.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: Bust of Sir Richard F. Burton facing right. "RICHARD F. BURTON EXPLORATION OF SOMALILAND" written above around him. "1841-1904" written near his ear. "2002" written near his nose. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "FIVE SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#05 5 Shillings. Year: 2002. Weight: 1.44g [1.45g]. Metal: Aluminum. Diameter: 22.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND" on the top. Rooster facing left in the center. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "FIVE SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#03 10 Shillings. Year: 2002. Weight: 3.44g [3.50g]. Metal: Brass. Diameter: 18.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND" on the top. Vervet Monkey facing right in the center. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#06 20 Shillings. Year: 2002. Weight: 3.94g [3.87g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 22.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND" on the top. Greyhound dog facing right in the center. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TWENTY SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.
 
2005
 

KM#19 5 Shillings. Year: 2005. Weight: 1.13g [1.24g]. Metal: Aluminum. Diameter: 22.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND" on the top. Elephant with calf walking right in the center. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "FIVE SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.
 
2006
 

KM#07 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 4.63g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "AQUARIUS" on the top. Sun shine from the left above side. Water carrier in the center with Aquarius symbol on his right. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#08 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 4.61g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "PISCES" on the top. Sun shine from the right above side. Two fish in the center with Pisces symbol in their center. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#09 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 5.49g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "ARIES" on the top. Sun shine from the right above side. Ram in the center with Aries symbol above it. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#10 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 4.64g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "TAURUS" on the top. Sun shine from the right above side. Bull in the center with Taurus symbol above it. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#11 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 4.80g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "GEMINI" on the top. Sun shine from the right above side. Twins in the center with Gemini symbol on their right side. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#12 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 5.07g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "CANCER" on the top. Sun shine from the right above side. Crab in the center with Cancer symbol above it. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#13 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 5.49g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "LEO" on the top. Sun shine from the right above side. Lion in the center with Leo symbol above it. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#14 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 5.07g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "VIRGO" on the top. Sun shine from the left above side. Winged Woman in the center with Virgo symbol on her left side. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#15 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 5.07g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "LIBRA" on the top. Sun shine from the left above side. Balance scale in the center with Libra symbol on right side. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#16 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 5.08g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "SCORPIO" on the top. Sun shine from the right above side. Scorpion in the center with Scorpio symbol above it. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#17 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 4.79g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "SAGITTARIUS" on the top. Sun shine from the right above side. The archer in the center with Sagittarius symbol at his left side. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.

KM#18 10 Shillings. Year: 2006. Weight: 4.66g [4.80g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 25.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: "CAPRICORN" on the top. Sun shine from the right above side. Goat in the center with Capricorn symbol at its right side. Date at the bottom. Reverse: "BANKA SOMALILAND" at the top. Numeral value in the center. "TEN SOMALILAND SHILLINGS" at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.
 
 
Fantasy Dollar Issues 1998-2002
 

X#02 5 Dollars. Year: 2002. Weight: 31.84g [25.56g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 42.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: Somaliland Emblem in the center with date spilt on left and right side. Value at the bottom. Reverse: "R.M.S. TITANIC APRIL 10-15, 1912" at the top. Titanic sinking with people escaping in remaining part of the coin. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: 1998 and 2002.

X#03 5 Dollars. Year: 1999. Weight: 20.86g [21.50g]. Metal: Stainless Steel; Magnetic. Diameter: 38.00 mm. Edge: Plain. Alignment: Medal. Mint: N/A. Obverse: Somaliland Emblem in the center with date spilt on left and right side. Value at the bottom. Reverse: Two rabbits in the center circle, facing left. Years: 1951, 1963, 1975, 1987, 1999 and 2011 written in outer circle around these two rabbits with small triangles between the dates. "YEAR OF RABBIT" written at the bottom. Mintage: N/A. Minted Years: One year type.
 
 
 
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