Year: 2007. Weight: 4.96 g [4.85g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Year: 2007. Weight: 5.74 g [5.80g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Type2: Small design: Right vertical cross bar extends to the first E in RUPEES. My coin is rotated on Reverse side as shown, Further coin details under 2005.

Weight: 5.84 g [5.80g]. Mintage: N/A.

Type3: Large Numeral "2" and Small Date on this coin. Right vertical cross bar extends to the second E in RUPEES. Further coin details under 2005.

Year: 2007. Weight: 5.68 g [5.80g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Type1: Thick Date.

Weight: 5.74 g [5.80g].

Weight: 5.80 g [5.80g].

Type2: Thin Date.

Types:

• Thin (Normal) Date.
• Thick Date with Thick characters on both sides.
• Some of Noida 2008 is reported as MULE to have Reverse die (Ashoka side) of 10 Rupees.

Weight: 5.70 g. Thin Date.

Year: 2007. Weight: 5.78 g [5.80g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin Date.

Weight: 5.83 g.

Year: 2007. Weight: 5.77 g [5.80g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin Date.

Weight: 5.76 g.

Note: KM#308 have same design but considered MULE as the Reverse side (Ashoka Lion pedestal) is slightly smaller and belongs to KM#374 50 paise with closed hand. This MULE issue was produced only by Calcutta mint in 2008.

Weight: 6.22 g [6.00g].

Weight: 6.13 g [6.00g].

This type is made of Steel or Iron instead of Stainless Steel. It looks of different metal from appearance. Could be FAKE issues found in circulation.

KM#328a issue were produced in Stainless Steel (6.00g) by Mumbai (Diamond mintmark) and Mumbai Proof with "M" mintmark.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak (or Lokmanya Tilak; b. 23 July 1856 – d. 01 August 1920), born as Keshav Gangadhar Tilak, was an Indian nationalist, teacher, and an independence activist. He was one third of the Lal Bal Pal triumvirate. Tilak was the first leader of the Indian Independence Movement. The British colonial authorities called him "The father of the Indian unrest." He was also conferred with the title of "Lokmanya", which means "accepted by the people (as their leader)". Mahatma Gandhi called him "The Maker of Modern India".
Tilak was one of the first and strongest advocates of Swaraj ("self-rule") and a strong radical in Indian consciousness. He is known for his quote in Marathi: "Swarajya is my birthright and I shall have it!". He formed a close alliance with many Indian National Congress leaders including Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, Sri Aurobindo Ghose, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai (Vallinayagan Ulaganathan Chidambaram) and Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Tilak said, "I regard India as my Motherland and my Goddess, the people in India are my kith and kin, and loyal and steadfast work for their political and social emancipation is my highest religion and duty".
In 1903, he wrote the book "The Arctic Home in the Vedas". In it, he argued that the Vedas could only have been composed in the Arctics, and the Aryan bards brought them south after the onset of the last ice age. He proposed a new way to determine the exact time of the Vedas. In another book "The Orion", he tried to calculate the time of the Vedas by using the position of different Nakshatras. The positions of the Nakshtras were described in different Vedas.
Tilak wrote "Shrimadh Bhagvad Gita Rahasya" in prison at Mandalay – the analysis of 'Karma Yoga' in the Bhagavad Gita, which is known to be a gift of the Vedas and the Upanishads.
Tilak developed diabetes during his sentence in Mandalay prison. This and the general ordeal of prison life had mellowed him at his release on 16 June 1914. When World War I started in August of that year, Tilak cabled the King-Emperor George V of his support and turned his oratory to find new recruits for war efforts. He welcomed The Indian Councils Act, popularly known as Minto-Morley Reforms, which had been passed by British Parliament in May 1909, terming it as "a marked increase of confidence between the Rulers and the Ruled". It was his conviction that acts of violence actually diminished, rather than hastening, the pace of political reforms. He was eager for reconciliation with Congress and had abandoned his demand for direct action and settled for agitations "strictly by constitutional means" – a line that had long been advocated by his rival Gokhale. Tilak reunited with his fellow nationalists and rejoined the Indian National Congress in 1916.
Tilak tried to convince Mohandas Gandhi to leave the idea of Total non-violence ("Total Ahimsa") and try to get self-rule ("Swarajya") by all means. Though Gandhi did not entirely concur with Tilak on the means to achieve self-rule and was steadfast in his advocacy of satyagraha, he appreciated Tilak's services to the country and his courage of conviction. After Tilak lost a civil suit against Valentine Chirol and incurred pecuniary loss, Gandhi even called upon Indians to contribute to the Tilak Purse Fund started with the objective of defraying the expenses incurred by Tilak.
Tilak helped found the All India Home Rule League in 1916–1918, with Ganesh Srikrishna Khaparde and Annie Besant. After years of trying to reunite the moderate and radical factions, he gave up and focused on the Home Rule League, which sought self-rule. Tilak travelled from village to village for support from farmers and locals to join the movement towards self-rule. Tilak was impressed by the Russian Revolution, and expressed his admiration for Vladimir Lenin. The league had 1400 members in April 1916, and by 1917 membership had grown to approximately 32,000. Tilak started his Home Rule League in Maharashtra, Central Provinces, and Karnataka and Berar region. Besant's League was active in the rest part of India. Tilak refused to sign a petition for the abolition of untouchability in 1918, two years before his death, although he had spoken against it earlier in a meeting.
"Lokmanya: Ek Yug Purush" is a film released on 02 January 2015 based on his life. Directed by Om Raut, Tilak is played by actor Subodh Bhave.

Stainless Steel variety instead of KM#359.1a Copper-Nickel metal. The Copper-Nickel variety was only produced by Mumbai mint (Diamond and "M" mintmarks).

Type1: Soldier feet are in four sand heaps.

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 (10 May 1857 – 01 November 1858) was a major, but ultimately unsuccessful, uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 mi (64 km) northeast of Delhi (now Old Delhi). It then erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions chiefly in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, though incidents of revolt also occurred farther north and east. The rebellion posed a considerable threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with the rebels' defeat in Gwalior on 20 June 1858. On 01 November 1858, the British granted amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder, though they did not declare the hostilities to have formally ended until 08 July 1859. Its name is contested, variously described as the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857, the Indian Insurrection, and the First War of Independence.
The Indian rebellion was fed by resentments born of diverse perceptions, including invasive British-style social reforms, harsh land taxes, summary treatment of some rich landowners and princes, as well as scepticism about the improvements brought about by British rule. Many Indians rose against the British; however, many also fought for the British, and the majority remained seemingly compliant to British rule. Violence, which sometimes betrayed exceptional cruelty, was inflicted on both sides, on British officers, and civilians, including women and children, by the rebels, and on the rebels, and their supporters, including sometimes entire villages, by British reprisals; the cities of Delhi and Lucknow were laid waste in the fighting and the British retaliation.
After the outbreak of the mutiny in Meerut, the rebels quickly reached Delhi, whose 81-year-old Mughal ruler, Bahadur Shah Zafar, was declared the Emperor of Hindustan. Soon, the rebels had captured large tracts of the North-Western Provinces and Awadh (Oudh). The East India Company's response came rapidly as well. With help from reinforcements, Kanpur was retaken by mid-July 1857, and Delhi by the end of September. However, it then took the remainder of 1857 and the better part of 1858 for the rebellion to be suppressed in Jhansi, Lucknow, and especially the Awadh countryside. Other regions of Company controlled India—Bengal province, the Bombay Presidency, and the Madras Presidency—remained largely calm. In the Punjab, the Sikh princes crucially helped the British by providing both soldiers and support. The large princely states, Hyderabad, Mysore, Travancore, and Kashmir, as well as the smaller ones of Rajputana, did not join the rebellion, serving the British, in the Governor-General Lord Canning's words, as "breakwaters in a storm."
Tatya Tope (born in 1814 as Ramchandra Panduranga): He was a personal adherent of Nana Saheb of Bithur. He progressed with the Gwalior contingent after the British reoccupied Kanpur and forced General Windham to retreat from the city. Later on, he came to the relief of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi and with her seized the city of Gwalior. However, he was defeated by General Napier's British Indian troops at Ranod and after a further defeat at Sikar abandoned the campaign. He was executed by the British Government at Shivpuri on 18 April 1859.
Rani Lakshmibai: On 17 June 1858 in Kotah-ki-Serai near the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the 8th (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, under Captain Heneage, fought the large Indian force commanded by Rani Lakshmibai, who was trying to leave the area. The 8th Hussars charged into the Indian force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian soldiers, including any Indian "over the age of 16". They took two guns and continued the charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this engagement, according to an eyewitness account, Rani Lakshmibai put on a sowar's uniform and attacked one of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, probably by his sabre. Shortly afterwards, as she sat bleeding by the roadside, she recognised the soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon he "dispatched the young lady with his carbine". According to another tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, dressed as a cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British to capture her body, she told a hermit to burn it. After her death a few local people cremated her body. The British captured the city of Gwalior after three days. In the British report of this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous of all Indian leaders". Rose reported that she had been buried "with great ceremony under a tamarind tree under the Rock of Gwalior, where I saw her bones and ashes". She was 29 years old. Her tomb is in the Phool Bagh area of Gwalior. Twenty years after her death Colonel Malleson wrote in the History of the Indian Mutiny; vol. 3; London, 1878 'Whatever her faults in British eyes may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment into rebellion, and that she lived and died for her country, We cannot forget her contribution for India.'
In some regions, most notably in Awadh, the rebellion took on the attributes of a patriotic revolt against European oppression. However, the rebel leaders proclaimed no articles of faith that presaged a new political system. Even so, the rebellion proved to be an important watershed in Indian- and British Empire history. It led to the dissolution of the East India Company, and forced the British to reorganize the army, the financial system, and the administration in India, through passage of the Government of India Act 1858. India was thereafter administered directly by the British government in the new British Raj. On 01 November 1858, Queen Victoria issued a proclamation to Indians, which while lacking the authority of a constitutional provision, promised rights similar to those of other British subjects. In the following decades, when admission to these rights was not always forthcoming, Indians were to pointedly refer to the Queen's proclamation in growing avowals of a new nationalism.
Result: British victory. Suppression of revolt. Formal end of the Mughal Empire. End of Company rule in India. Transfer of rule to the British Crown.
Territorial changes: British Raj created out of former East India Company territory (some land returned to native rulers, other land confiscated by the British crown).

Weight: 6.05 g [6.00g].

Stainless Steel variety instead of KM#360.1a Copper-Nickel metal. The Copper-Nickel variety was only produced by Mumbai mint (Diamond and "M" mintmarks).

Type1: Proper legs of "LL" in word "VILLAGE".

The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a statutory body formed in April 1957 (as per an RTI) by the Government of India, under the Act of Parliament, 'Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act of 1956'. It is an apex organisation under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, with regard to khadi and village industries within India, which seeks to - "plan, promote, facilitate, organise and assist in the establishment and development of khadi and village industries in the rural areas in coordination with other agencies engaged in rural development wherever necessary. In April 1957, it took over the work of former All India Khadi and Village Industries Board. Its head office is in Mumbai , whereas its six zonal offices in Delhi, Bhopal, Bangalore, Kolkata, Mumbai and Guwahati. Other than its zonal offices, it has offices in 28 states for the implementation of its various programmes.
Khadi: It refers to hand-spun and hand-woven cloth. The raw materials may be cotton, silk, or wool, which are spun into threads on a charkha (a traditional spinning implement). Khadi was launched in 1920 as a political weapon in the Swadeshi movement of Mahatma Gandhi. "The livery of freedom" – Mahatma Gandhi.
Village Industry: Any Industry that is located within a rural area, where the Fixed Capital Investment per Artisan (weaver) does not exceed Rupees One hundred thousand The Fixed Capital Investment can be changed by the Central Government of India whenever it so requires.

Weight: 6.10 g [6.00g].

Cross with four dots representing "Unity in Diversity" (The reverse motif is supposed to represent four (abstract) people coming together with outstretched hands from the four corners of India (the dots should be seen as the head of each person).

Note: Coins were released in September 2008 only for UNC/Proof sets. In 2012 they were released for general circulation.

Bhagat Singh (b. 1907 – d. 23 March 1931) was an Indian socialist revolutionary whose two acts of dramatic violence against the British in India and execution at age 23 made him a folk hero of the Indian independence movement.
In December 1928, Bhagat Singh and an associate, Shivaram Hari Rajguru, fatally shot a 21-year-old British police officer, John Saunders, in Lahore, British India, mistaking Saunders, who was still on probation, for the British police superintendent, James Scott, whom they had intended to assassinate. They believed Scott was responsible for the death of popular Indian nationalist leader Lala Lajpat Rai, by having ordered a lathi charge in which Rai was injured, and, two weeks after which, died of a heart attack. Saunders was felled by a single shot from Rajguru, a marksman. He was then shot several times by Singh, the postmortem report showing eight bullet wounds. Another associate of Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, shot dead an Indian police constable, Chanan Singh, who attempted to pursue Singh and Rajguru as they fled.
After escaping, Singh and his associates, using pseudonyms, publicly owned to avenging Lajpat Rai's death, putting up prepared posters, which, however, they had altered to show Saunders as their intended target. Singh was thereafter on the run for many months, and no convictions resulted at the time. Surfacing again in April 1929, he and another associate, Batukeshwar Dutt, exploded two improvised bombs inside the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi. They showered leaflets from the gallery on the legislators below, shouted slogans, and then allowed the authorities to arrest them. The arrest, and the resulting publicity, had the effect of bringing to light Singh's complicity in the John Saunders case. Awaiting trial, Singh gained much public sympathy after he joined fellow defendant Jatin Das in a hunger strike, demanding better prison conditions for Indian prisoners, and ending in Das's death from starvation in September 1929. Das died on 13 September 1929, after a 63-day hunger strike. Almost all the nationalist leaders in the country paid tribute to Das' death. Mohammad Alam and Gopi Chand Bhargava resigned from the Punjab Legislative Council in protest, and Nehru moved a successful adjournment motion in the Central Assembly as a censure against the "inhumane treatment" of the Lahore prisoners. Singh finally heeded a resolution of the Congress party, and a request by his father, ending his hunger strike on 05 October 1929 after 116 days. During this period, Singh's popularity among common Indians extended beyond Punjab.
Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Hari Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar were sentenced to death in the Lahore conspiracy case and ordered to be hanged on 24 March 1931. The schedule was moved forward by 11 hours and the three were hanged on 23 March 1931 at 7:30 pm in the Lahore jail. It is reported that no magistrate at the time was willing to supervise Singh's hanging as was required by law. The execution was supervised instead by an honorary judge, who also signed the three death warrants, as their original warrants had expired. The jail authorities then broke a hole in the rear wall of the jail, removed the bodies, and secretly cremated the three men under cover of darkness outside Ganda Singh Wala village, and then threw the ashes into the Sutlej river, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Ferozepore.

My coin is slightly rotated on Obverse side as shown.

Year: 2008. Weight: 3.87 g [3.80g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Year: 2008. Weight: 4.97 g [4.85g]. Mint: Mumbai (Diamond mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Year: 2008. Weight: 4.82 g [4.85g]. Mint: Kolkata (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Year: 2008. Weight: 4.87 g [4.85g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 5.12 g [4.85g].

Year: 2008. Weight: 4.97 g [4.85g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Year: 2008. Weight: 5.70 g [5.80g]. Mint: Mumbai (Diamond mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thick Date.

Year: 2008. Weight: 5.78 g [5.80g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thick Date.

Year: 2008. Weight: 5.77 g [5.80g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin Date and Slightly Off Flan on Reverse side.

Weight: 5.78 g

Year: 2008. Weight: 5.68 g [5.80g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thick Date.

Year: 2008. Weight: 6.09 g [6.00g]. Mint: Mumbai [Bombay] (Diamond mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Stainless Steel variety.

Year: 2008. Weight: 6.15 g [6.00g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Stainless Steel variety. Thick Date.

Year: 2008. Weight: 6.17 g [6.00g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Stainless Steel variety.

Year: 2008. Weight: 5.94 g [6.00g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Steel or Iron metal variety. Could be FAKE issue found in circulation.

Year: 2009. Weight: 3.84 g [3.80g]. Mint: Mumbai (Diamond mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 3.86 g [3.80g].

Year: 2009. Weight: 3.79 g [3.80g]. Mint: Kolkata (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Year: 2009. Weight: 4.88 g [4.85g]. Mint: Mumbai (Diamond mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 4.80 g [4.85g].

Year: 2009. Weight: 4.77 g [4.85g]. Mint: Kolkata (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 4.90 g [4.85g].

Year: 2009. Weight: 4.87 g [4.85g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 4.79 g [4.85g].

Weight: 4.90 g [4.85g].

Weight: 4.96 g [4.85g].

Year: 2009. Weight: 4.89 g [4.85g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Year: 2009. Weight: 5.69 g [5.80g]. Mint: Mumbai (Diamond mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin Date.

Weight: 5.69 g.

Weight: 5.66 g.

Year: 2009. Weight: 5.78 g [5.80g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin Date.

Weight: 5.73 g.

Weight: 5.69 g.

Year: 2009. Weight: 5.75 g [5.80g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin Date.

Weight: 5.77 g.

Year: 2009. Weight: 5.75 g [5.80g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin Date.

Weight: 5.92 g.

Same as above KM#373 Five Rupee, but...

Year: 2009. Weight: 5.99 g [6.00g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 5.94 g.

Same as above KM#373 Five Rupee, but...

Year: 2009. Weight: 5.98 g [6.00g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin "INDIA" type.

Weight: 5.89 g.

Type1: Better Rose Flower design without outlined leaf on right. Mumbai mint has three type of Roses at shown on Numista.

Saint Alphonsa, F.C.C., (born Anna Muttathupadathu; 19 August 1910 – died: 28 July 1946) was an Indian religious sister and educator. She was the first woman of Indian origin to be canonised as a saint by the Catholic Church, and the first canonised saint of the Syro-Malabar Church, an Eastern Catholic Church based in Kerala. Her feast day is observed on 28 July.
Her parents nicknamed her Annakkutty (little Anna). She had a difficult childhood and experienced loss and suffering early on in life. Anna's mother died when she was young, so her maternal aunt raised her. Hagiographies describe her early life as one of suffering at the hands of her stern foster mother and the teasing of schoolchildren. Anna was educated by her great-uncle, Father Joseph Muttathupadathu. When Anna was three-years-old, she contracted eczema and suffered for over a year.
In 1916 Anna started school in Arpookara. She received her First Communion on 27 November 1917. When the first school cycle ended in 1920, the time had come to transfer to Muttuchira, to the house of her aunt Anna Murickan, to whom her mother, before she died, had entrusted her as her adoptive mother. She was raised in murickan family, which was an ancient and prominent family. Anna received many marriage proposals from reputed families. During that period Theresa of Lisieux appeared and told her that she will become a saint. There are many similarities in the life of Anna and Theresa, and she was Anna's all-time favorite person and role model.
Anna sacrificed her material fortune and wanted to dedicate her life to Jesus Christ. In 1923, Anna's feet were burnt when she fell into a pit of burning chaff; local hagiographies describe this as a self-inflicted injury in order to avoid her foster mother's attempt to arrange a marriage for her and thereby to fulfill her desire for becoming a Religious Sister instead. This accident left her partially disabled for the rest of her life.
When it became possible, Anna joined the Franciscan Clarist Congregation, a religious congregation of the Third Order of St. Francis, and through them, completed her schooling.
Anna arrived at the Clarist convent at Bharananganam, Kottayam district, on Pentecost Sunday 1927. She received the postulant's veil on 02 August 1928 and took the name Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception in honour of St. Alphonsus Ligouri, whose feast day it was. In May 1929 Sister Alphonsa was assigned to teach at Malayalam High School at Vazhappally. Her foster mother died in 1930. She resumed her studies at Changanacherry, while working as a temporary teacher at a school at Vakakkad. On 19 May 1930 Alphonsa entered the novitiate of the congregation at Bharananganam. On 11 August 1931 she completed the novitiate and took her first vows. And became a religious in the catholic church.
The period 1930–1935 was characterised by grave illness. Sister Alphonsa took her permanent vows on 12 August 1936. Two days later she returned to Bharananganam from Changanacherry. She then taught high school at St. Alphonsa Girl's High School, but was often sick and unable to teach.[4] For most of her years as a Clarist Sister she endured serious illness.
In December 1936, it is claimed that she was cured from her ailments through the intervention of the Kuriakose Elias Chavara (who was beatified at the same ceremony as she), but on 14 June 1939 she was struck by a severe attack of pneumonia which left her weakened. On 18 October 1940, a thief entered her room in the middle of the night. This traumatic event caused her to suffer amnesia and weakened her again.
Her health continued to deteriorate over a period of months. She received extreme unction on 29 September 1941. The next day it is believed that she regained her memory, though not complete health. Her health improved over the next few years, until in July 1945 she developed gastroenteritis and liver problems that caused violent convulsions and vomiting. During the last year of her life she came to know Father Sebastian Valopilly (later Bishop of Kerala) who frequently brought her communion. This bishop became famous in Kerala for championing the cause of poor people from all religious backgrounds who had come to live in Thalassery as a result of shortages elsewhere.
After a series of serious health problems, she died on 28 July 1946, at a young age of 35. She was buried at St. Mary's Catholic Church, Bharananganam, Travancore (present day Kottayam) in the Diocese of Palai.
Claims of her miraculous intervention began almost immediately upon her death and often involved the children of the convent school where she used to teach. On 02 December 1953, Cardinal Eugène Tisserant inaugurated the diocesan process for her beatification and Alphonsa was declared a Servant of God. In 1985, Pope John Paul II formally approved a miracle attributed to her intercession and on 09 July 1985, she became "Venerable Sister Alphonsa".
Venerable Sister Alphonsa was beatified along with Father Kuriakose Elias Chavara, T.O.C.D., at Kottayam, on 08 February 1986 by Pope John Paul II during his Apostolic Pilgrimage to India. She was Canonized on 12 October 2008 at Vatican City by Pope Benedict XVI. Saint Alphonsa featured on One Rupee stamp dated 1996 as "BLESSED ALPHONSA" by India Post.

Conjeevaram Natarajan Annadurai (b. 15 September 1909 – d. 03 February 1969), popularly called Anna ("Elder brother") or Arignar Anna ("Anna, the scholar"), was an Indian politician who served as 1st Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for 20 days: 14 January 1969 – 03 February 1969 and fifth and last Chief Minister of Madras State: 06 March 1967 – 13 January 1969, when the name of the state of Madras was changed to Tamil Nadu. He was the first member of a Dravidian party to hold either post. He founded Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam on 17 September 1949. He was General Secretary of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam: 17 September 1949 – 3 February 1969. He was Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha: 03 April 1962 – 25 February 1967 and Member of Madras State Legislative Assembly: 01 April 1957 – 18 March 1962.
He was well known for his oratorical skills and was an acclaimed writer in the Tamil language. He scripted and acted in several plays. Some of his plays were later made into movies. He was the first politician from the Dravidian parties to use Tamil cinema extensively for political propaganda. Born in a middle-class family, he first worked as a school teacher, then moved into the political scene of the Madras Presidency as a journalist. He edited several political journals and enrolled as a member of the Dravidar Kazhagam. As an ardent follower of Periyar Erode Venkatappa Ramasamy (b. 17 September 1879 – d. 24 December 1973), he rose in stature as a prominent member of the party.
With differences looming with Periyar, on issues of separate independent state of Dravida Nadu and on inclusion in the Indian Union, he crossed swords with his political mentor. The friction between the two finally erupted when Periyar married Maniammai (b. 10 March 1920 – d. 16 March 1978), who was much younger than him. Angered by this action of Periyar, Annadurai with his supporters parted from Dravidar Kazhagam and launched his own party, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). The DMK initially followed ideologies the same as the mother party, Dravidar Kazhagam. But with the evolution of national politics and the constitution of India after the Sino-Indian war in 1962, Annadurai dropped the claim for an independent Dravida Nadu. Various protests against the ruling Congress government took him to prison on several occasions; the last of which was during the Madras anti-Hindi agitation of 1965. The agitation itself helped Annadurai to gain popular support for his party. His party won a landslide victory in the 1967 state elections. His cabinet was the youngest at that time in India. He legalised Self-Respect marriages, enforced a two language policy (in preference to the three language formula in other southern states), implemented subsidies for rice, and renamed Madras State to Tamil Nadu.
However, he died of cancer just two years into office. His funeral had the highest attendance of any to that date. Several institutions and organisations are named after him. A splinter party launched by Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran (b. 17 January 1917 – d. 24 December 1987, popularly known as M.G.R, was an Indian politician and film actor who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for ten years between 1977 and 1987. He is a cultural icon in the state and is regarded as one of the most influential actors of Tamil cinema) in 1972 was named after him as All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.

The Commonwealth of Nations, generally known simply as the Commonwealth, is a political association of 54 member states, mostly former territories of the British Empire. The chief institutions of the organisation are the Commonwealth Secretariat, which focuses on intergovernmental aspects, and the Commonwealth Foundation, which focuses on non-governmental relations between member states.
The Commonwealth dates back to the first half of the 20th century with the decolonisation of the British Empire through increased self-governance of its territories. It was originally created as the British Commonwealth of Nations through the Balfour Declaration on 19 November 1926 Imperial Conference, and formalised by the United Kingdom through the Statute of Westminster on 11 December 1931. The current Commonwealth of Nations was formally constituted by the London Declaration on 28 April 1949, which modernised the community and established the member states as "free and equal".
The human symbol of this free association is the Head of the Commonwealth, currently Queen Elizabeth II, and the 2018 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting appointed Charles, Prince of Wales to be her designated successor, although the position is not technically hereditary. The Queen is the head of state of 16 member states, known as the Commonwealth realms, while 33 other members are republics and five others have different monarchs.
Member states have no legal obligations to one another, but are connected through their use of the English language and historical ties. Their stated shared values of democracy, human rights and the rule of law are enshrined in the Commonwealth Charter and promoted by the quadrennial Commonwealth Games.
The countries of the Commonwealth cover more than 29,958,050 km2 (11,566,870 sq mi), equivalent to 20% of the world's land area, and span all six inhabited continents.

Rajendra Prasad (b. 03 December 1884 – d. 28 February 1963) was the first President of India, in office: 26 January 1950 – 13 May 1962. He was an Indian political leader and lawyer by training. Prasad joined the Indian National Congress during the Indian Independence Movement and became a major leader from the region of Bihar. A supporter of Mahatma Gandhi, Prasad was imprisoned by British authorities during the Salt Satyagraha of 1931 and the Quit India movement of 1942. After the 1946 elections, Prasad served as Minister of Food and Agriculture in the central government. Upon independence in 1947, Prasad was elected as President of the Constituent Assembly of India, which prepared the Constitution of India and served as its provisional parliament.
When India became a republic in 1950, Prasad was elected its first president by the Constituent Assembly. Following the general election of 1951, he was elected president by the electoral college of the first Parliament of India and its state legislatures. As president, Prasad established a tradition of non-partisanship and independence for the office-bearer, and retired from Congress party politics. Although a ceremonial head of state, Prasad encouraged the development of education in India and advised the Nehru government on several occasions. In 1957, Prasad was re-elected to the presidency, becoming the only president to serve two full terms.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is India's central bank, which controls the issue and supply of the Indian rupee. RBI is the regulator of entire Banking in India. RBI plays an important part in the Development Strategy of the Government of India. Until the Monetary Policy Committee was established in 2016, it also controlled monetary policy in India. It commenced its operations on 01 April 1935 in accordance with the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. Following India's independence on 15 August 1947, the RBI was nationalised on 01 January 1949. Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Weight: 5.00 g [4.95g]. 

Year: 2010. Weight: 4.88 g [4.85g]. Mint: Mumbai (Diamond mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 4.85 g [4.85g].

Year: 2010. Weight: 4.95 g [4.85g]. Mint: Kolkata (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 4.86 g [4.85g].

Year: 2010. Weight: 4.87 g [4.85g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Year: 2010. Weight: 4.92 g [4.85g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Year: 2010. Weight: 5.68 g [5.80g]. Mint: Mumbai (Diamond mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin Date.

Weight: 5.69 g.

Weight: 5.71 g.

Year: 2010. Weight: 5.73 g [5.80g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin Date.

Weight: 5.77 g.

Year: 2010. Weight: 5.74 g [5.80g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thick Date.

Year: 2010. Weight: 5.73 g [5.80g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin Date.

Same as above KM#373 Five Rupee, but...

Year: 2010. Weight: 6.04 g [6.00g]. Mint: Mumbai [Bombay] (Diamond mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Same as above KM#373 Five Rupee, but...

Year: 2010. Weight: 5.89 g [6.00g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 5.96 g.

Same as above KM#373 Five Rupee, but...

Year: 2010. Weight: 5.92 g [6.00g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 5.89 g.

Same as above KM#373 Five Rupee, but...

Year: 2010. Weight: 5.99 g [6.00g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Chidambaram Subramaniam [commonly known as CS] (b. 30 January 1910 – d. 07 November 2000), was an Indian politician and Independence activist. He served as Minister of Finance and Minister of Defence in the union cabinet. He later served as the Governor of Maharashtra. As the Minister for Food and Agriculture, he ushered the Indian Green Revolution (a programme which led to a record production of wheat in 1972), an era of self-sufficiency in food production along with Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan, Balaram Sivaraman and Norman Ernest Borlaug. He was awarded Bharat Ratna, Indian's highest civilian award, in 1998, for his role in ushering Green Revolution.
Subramaniam was born in Pollachi in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. He belong to Kongu vellala gounder community. Subramaniam completed his early education in Pollachi before moving to Chennai where he did his B.Sc in Physics at the Presidency College, Chennai (affiliated to the University of Madras). Later he graduated with degree in law from Madras Law college, Chennai (then affiliated to the same university). During his college days, he started Vanamalar Sangam and published a magazine called Pithan from Gobichettipalayam along with M. P. Periyasaamy Thooran, K. S. Ramaswamy Gounder, Ozhalur Viswanatha Mudaliar Alagesan and Justice Palanisami. His inspiration was his uncle Swami Chidbhavananda.
Subramaniam was an active member of the Civil disobedience movement against the British during his college days. He was imprisoned during the Quit India Movement in 1942. He was later elected to the Constituent Assembly and had a hand in the framing of the Constitution of India. He was a minister of Education, Law and Finance for Madras State from 1952 to 1962 under chief ministers Rajaji and K. Kamaraj. He was the Leader of the House in the Madras Legislative Assembly for the entire duration. He was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1962 and was the Minister for Steel and Mines. Subsequently, he served as the Minister for Food and Agriculture 1964–1966. He also worked as the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission from 02 May 1971 to 22 July 1972, Minister of Finance: 1975–1977, Minister of Defence: 28 July 1979 – 14 January 1980 and Governor of Maharashtra: 15 February 1990 – 09 January 1993.

Type1: Less gap of Hindi legends between Ashoka Pillar Lion Capitol and digit "5" (Wide Lion). Only Mumbai mint has two varieties, rest have Wide Lion varirty.

Brihadishvara Temple, also called Rajarajesvaram or Peruvudaiyār Kōvil, is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in South bank of Kaveri river in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the largest South Indian temples and an exemplary example of a fully realized Dravidian architecture. It is called as Dhakshina Meru (Meru of south). Built by Tamil king Raja Raja Chola I between 1003 and 1010 CE, the temple is a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the "Great Living Chola Temples", along with the Chola dynasty era Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple and Airavatesvara temple that are about 70 kilometres (43 mi) and 40 kilometres (25 mi) to its northeast respectively.
It was built out of granite, the vimana tower above the sanctum is one of the tallest in South India. The complex includes shrines for Nandi, Parvati, Kartikeya, Ganesha, Sabhapati, Dakshinamurti, Chandeshvara, Varahi and others. It is located in the city of Thanjavur, about 350 kilometres (220 mi) southwest of Chennai. The temple is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Tamil Nadu.
On 26 September 2010 (Big Temple's fifth day of millennium celebrations), as a recognition of Big Temple's contribution to the country's cultural, architectural, epigraphical history, a special ₹ 5 postage stamp featuring the 216-feet tall giant Raja Gopuram was released by India Post.
The Reserve Bank of India commemorated the event by releasing a ₹ 5 coin with the model of temple embossed on it. Andimuthu Raja, Cabinet Minister of Communications and Information Technology released the esteemed Brihadeeswarar temple special stamp, the first of which was received by Govindaswamy Karuppiah Vasan, Cabinet Minister of Shipping. Mumbai Mint issued Rs 1000 Commemorative Coin with the same picture as on the Rs 5 coin. It was the first 1000 Rupees coin to be released in the Republic of India coinage. This coin was a Non Circulative Legal Tender (NCLT).
On 01 April 1954, the Reserve Bank of India released a ₹ 1000 currency note featuring a panoramic view of the Brihadeeswar temple marking its cultural heritage and significance. In 1975, the then government led by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi demonetised all ₹ 1,000 currency notes in an effort to curtail black money. These notes are now popular among collectors.
In 2010, the then Tamil Nadu chief minister, Muthuvel Karunanidhi renamed Semmai Rice, a type of high productivity paddy variant, as Raja Rajan-1000 to mark the millennial year of the constructor of the temple, Rajaraja Chola.

The Income Tax Department (also referred to as IT Department or ITD) is a government agency undertaking direct tax collection of the Government of India. It was formed in 1860. It functions under the Department of Revenue of the Ministry of Finance. Income Tax Department is headed by the apex body Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT). Main responsibility of IT Department is to enforce various direct tax laws, most important among these being the Income-tax Act, 1961, to collect revenue for Government of India. It also enforces other economic laws like the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 and the Black Money Act, 2015.
The Income Tax Act, 1961 has wide scope and empowers ITD to levy tax on income of individuals, firms, companies, local authorities, societies, or other artificial juridical persons. Therefore Income Tax Department influences businesses, professionals, NGOs, income earning citizens, and local authorities among others. The Act empowers Income Tax Department to tax international businesses and professionals and therefore ITD deals in all matters of Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements and various other aspects of international taxation such as Transfer pricing. Combating tax evasion and tax avoidance practices is key duty of ITD to ensure constitutionally guided political economy. One measure to combat aggressive tax avoidance is General Anti Avoidance Rules (GAAR).
Chanakya was an ancient Indian teacher, philosopher, economist, jurist and royal advisor. He is traditionally identified as Kauṭilya or Vishnugupta, who authored the ancient Indian political treatise, the Arthashastra, a text dated to roughly between the 2nd century BCE and the 3rd century CE. As such, he is considered the pioneer of the field of political science and economics in India, and his work is thought of as an important precursor to classical economics. His works were lost near the end of the Gupta Empire and not rediscovered until the early twentieth century. Chanakya assisted the first Mauryan emperor Chandragupta in his rise to power. He is widely credited for having played an important role in the establishment of the Maurya Empire. Chanakya served as the chief advisor to both emperors Chandragupta and his son Bindusara.

Same as above KM#379 Five Rupee, but...

Year: ND (2010). Weight: 5.95 g [6.00g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark above Date). Mintage: N/A.

Same as above KM#379 Five Rupee, but...

Year: ND (2010). Weight: 5.92 g [6.00g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark above Date). Mintage: N/A.

Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, Albanian: [aˈɲɛzə ˈɡɔndʒɛ bɔjaˈdʒiu]; 26 August 1910 – died: 05 September 1997), commonly known as Mother Teresa and honoured in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She was born in Skopje (now the capital of North Macedonia), then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. After living in Skopje for eighteen years, she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of her life.
In 1950, Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation that had over 4,500 nuns and was active in 133 countries in 2012. The congregation manages homes for people who are dying of HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis. It also runs soup kitchens, dispensaries, mobile clinics, children's and family counselling programmes, as well as orphanages and schools. Members take vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, and also profess a fourth vow – to give "wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor."
Teresa received a number of honors, including the 1962 Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize and 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. She was canonised on 4 September 2016, and the anniversary of her death (05 September) is her feast day.
A controversial figure during her life and after her death, Teresa was admired by many for her charitable work. She was praised and criticized on various counts, such as for her views on abortion and contraception, and was criticized for poor conditions in her houses for the dying. Her authorized biography was written by Navin Chawla and published in 1992, and she has been the subject of films and other books. On 6 September 2017, Teresa and St. Francis Xavier were named co-patrons of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta.
Teresa said, "By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the world. As to my heart, I belong entirely to the Heart of Jesus." Fluent in five languages – Bengali, Albanian, Serbian, English and Hindi – she made occasional trips outside India for humanitarian reasons.
At the height of the Siege of Beirut in 1982, Teresa rescued 37 children trapped in a front-line hospital by brokering a temporary cease-fire between the Israeli army and Palestinian guerrillas. Accompanied by Red Cross workers, she travelled through the war zone to the hospital to evacuate the young patients.
By 1996, Teresa operated 517 missions in over 100 countries. Her Missionaries of Charity grew from twelve to thousands, serving the "poorest of the poor" in 450 centres worldwide. The first Missionaries of Charity home in the United States was established in the South Bronx area of New York City, and by 1984 the congregation operated 19 establishments throughout the country.
Teresa was first recognised by the Indian government more than a third of a century earlier, receiving the Padma Shri in 1962 and the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding in 1969. She later received other Indian awards, including the Bharat Ratna (India's highest civilian award) in 1980. Teresa's official biography, by Navin Chawla, was published in 1992. In Kolkata, she is worshipped as a deity by some Hindus.
To commemorate the 100th anniversary of her birth, the government of India issued a special ₹5 coin (the amount of money Teresa had when she arrived in India) on 28 August 2010. President Pratibha Patil said, "Clad in a white sari with a blue border, she and the sisters of Missionaries of Charity became a symbol of hope to many – the aged, the destitute, the unemployed, the diseased, the terminally ill, and those abandoned by their families."
Pope Francis canonised her at a ceremony on 04 September 2016 in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City. Tens of thousands of people witnessed the ceremony, including 15 government delegations and 1,500 homeless people from across Italy. It was televised live on the Vatican channel and streamed online; Skopje, Teresa's hometown, announced a week-long celebration of her canonisation. In India, a special Mass was celebrated by the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata.

Same as above KM#391 Five Rupee, but...

Year: ND (2010). Weight: 5.95 g [6.00g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Logo). Mintage: N/A.

Same as above KM#403.1 Five Rupee, but...

Year: ND (2010). Weight: 5.86 g [6.00g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark above Date). Mintage: N/A.

Same as above KM#403.1 Five Rupee, but...

Year: ND (2010). Weight: 5.82 g [6.00g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark above Date). Mintage: N/A.

Same as above KM#403.1 Five Rupee, but...

Year: ND (2010). Weight: 6.12 g [6.00g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark above Date). Mintage: N/A.

Year: 2011. Weight: 4.93 g [4.85g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 4.91 g [4.85g].

Year: 2011. Weight: 4.88 g [4.85g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 4.87 g [4.85g].

Year: 2011. Weight: 5.73 g [5.80g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thick Date.

Year: 2011. Weight: 5.68 g [5.80g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thick Date.

Year: 2011. Weight: 5.69 g [5.80g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A. Thin Date.

Weight: 5.70 g.

Year: 2011. Weight: 2.84 g [2.90g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Edge: Plain. Mintage: N/A.

Obverse: Rupee symbol at the top. Numeral "1" at the center. Lotus flower plant on left and right sides. Date at the bottom with mintmark below it. Reverse: Ashoka Lion pedestal in the center with "सत्यमेव जयते" (Satyameva Jayate) [Truth alone triumphs] written below it. "भारत" (bharat) written at the left side clockwise and "INDIA" written at the right side clockwise. Mintage: N/A. Mintage Years: 2011 (Hyderabad), 2011 (Kolkata), 2011 (Mumbai), 2011 (Noida), 2012 (Hyderabad), 2012 (Kolkata), 2012 (Mumbai), 2012 (Noida), 2013 (Hyderabad), 2013 (Kolkata), 2013 (Mumbai), 2013 (Noida), 2014 (Hyderabad), 2014 (Kolkata), 2014 (Mumbai), 2014 (Noida), 2015 (Hyderabad), 2015 (Kolkata), 2015 (Mumbai), 2016 (Noida), 2016 (Hyderabad), 2016 (Kolkata), 2016 (Mumbai), 2017 (Noida), 2017 (Hyderabad), 2017 (Kolkata), 2017 (Mumbai), 2018 (Noida), 2018 (Hyderabad), 2018 (Kolkata) and 2018 (Mumbai).

Very Thick Rupee Symbol at the top of Obverse side.

Weight: 3.81 g [3.76g]. Edge: Reeded / Plain (two patches each). Mintage: N/A.

Year: 2011. Weight: 3.77 g [3.76g]. Mint: Kolkata (No mintmark below Date). Edge: Reeded / Plain (two patches each). Mintage: N/A.

Very Thick Rupee Symbol.

Weight: 3.81 g [3.76g]. Edge: Plain (Smooth). Mintage: N/A.

Very Thick Rupee Symbol.

Weight: 3.79 g.

Year: 2011. Weight: 3.78 g [3.76g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Edge: Reeded / Plain (two patches each). Mintage: N/A.

Very Thick Rupee Symbol.

Weight: 3.80 g [3.76g]. Edge: Reeded / Plain (two patches each). Mintage: N/A.

Weight: 3.76 g [3.76g]. Edge: Reeded / Plain (two patches each). Mintage: N/A.

Very Thick Rupee Symbol.

Year: 2011. Weight: 3.80 g [3.76g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Edge: Almost Plain. Mintage: N/A.

Types:

• Plain (Smooth) or Reeded (Segmented) edge.
• Normal, Thick or Very Thick curve in Rupee Symbol.
• Thin or Thick digit "2".
• Thin or Thick Date.
• Ears above head or Flat Head of center Lion. Samples found of Flat Head: 2017Hy, 2018C, 2018Hy and 2019B.

Normal Rupee symbol curve.

Note: Three types exists

• Very Thick Rupee symbol curve.
• Thick Rupee symbol curve.
• Thin (Normal) Rupee symbol curve.

KM#399.3 has Reverse side (Ashoka Lion pedestal side) of 1 Rupee coin of 21.93 mm therefore we see two border lines. This issue was produced / reported only by Calcutta mint for Dates: 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2017.

Same as above KM#399.1 Five Rupee, but...

Year: 2011. Weight: 5.99 g [6.00g]. Mint: Calcutta (No mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Very thick Rupee symbol curve.

Same as above KM#399.1 Five Rupee, but...

Year: 2011. Weight: 5.83 g [6.00g]. Mint: Hyderabad (Star mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Thick Rupee symbol curve.

Weight: 5.94 g.

Same as above KM#399.1 Five Rupee, but...

Year: 2011. Weight: 5.96 g [6.00g]. Mint: Noida (Dot mintmark below Date). Mintage: N/A.

Thick Rupee symbol curve. The Ashoka Lion has large face like owl, making it perhaps a FAKE issue.

Weight: 5.93 g.